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څوچه پاتي یو افغان وي - تل بدا افغانستان وي | تا زنده یک افغان است - جاوید افغانستان است
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Babur
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Babur,
14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad was a
conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally
succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian
subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. He was a direct
descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (Tamurlane) from the Barlas
clan, through his father, and also a descendant
of Genghis Khan through his mother. He was also influenced by the
Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his
successors, giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate
ethos in the Indian subcontinent.
Babur was the eldest son of
Umar Sheikh Mirza. He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age
of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives. He conquered
Samarkand two years later, only to lose the city of Fergana soon after.
In his attempt to reconquer Fergana, he lost control of Samarkand. In
1501, his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was
defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan. In 1504, he conquered Kabul, which
was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh. Babur formed a
partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central
Asia, including Samarkand, only to again lose it and the other newly
conquered lands to the Uzbeks.
After losing Samarkand for the
third time, Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north
India. At that time, the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian
Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty,
whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy, led by Rana
Sanga of Mewar. In 1524, Daulat Khan Lodi, a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty,
invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler. Babur defeated
Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and so founded the
Mughal empire.
However, he again faced opposition, this time from
Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur as a foreigner. The Rana was
defeated at the Battle of Khanwa.
Babur married several times.
Notable among his sons are Humayun, Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza. Babur
died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun. According to Babur's wishes,
he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur at Kabul in Afghanistan
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Saif Fazel